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The awkward case of 'his or her'. New Year, Recondite Vocabulary Take the quiz. Advanced Vocabulary Quiz Tough words and tougher competition. Another version appeared with the advent of the Model Field Blouse , which used a triangular backing for speed and simplicity of manufacture.
Very late in the war some Hoheitszeichen were simply printed on thin fabric. There were also versions for other uniforms: both white and grey variants on black for the Panzer uniform , and in dull grey-blue on tan backing for the tropical Afrikakorps uniform. A stamped metal pin-on breast eagle was worn with the officers' white summer tunic. In 19th century German armies, Guard and other elite regiments wore lengths of double braid Doppellitze encircling all or most of the collar as a mark of distinction.
By the middle of World War I these ornate collars had been reduced to an embroidered representation of short lengths of braid joined at the ends, sewn to patches worn at the front of the collar. When the Reichsheer was established in as Germany's first national army [5] Litzen were prescribed as the universal collar device for all personnel other than generals, and the Third Reich continued the practice.
On the dress tunic Waffenrock and the later "ornamented" uniform, the Litzen were embroidered in fine aluminum thread on a patch of Abzeichentuch in the wearer's Waffenfarbe , or branch color; the backing also showed through in the space between the two Litzen , the Mittelstreife.
On field and service uniforms, beginning in late , the patch Patten was dark bottle-green to match the collar; the Waffenfarbe "showed through" in fact colored cord was sewn into the center strip of each braid, the Litzenspiegel.
For enlisted men service Litzen were machine-woven in silver-grey rayon; officers' were embroidered more elaborately in white silk or aluminum thread, and were somewhat larger to match their higher collars.
Non-commissioned officers Unteroffiziere wore standard enlisted collar patches but were distinguished by a strip of 9mm silver-grey diamond-woven rayon braid Tresse sewn around the collar's front and lower edges, except on the dress Waffenrock where the Tresse was bright aluminum and encircled the collar's upper edge.
By the fast-growing Heer had found that it was impractical, for the enlisted field uniform, to manufacture and stock a multitude of collar patches in assorted Waffenfarben which also had to be sewn on and frequently changed by unit tailors.
Accordingly, new universal Litzen were introduced with the Litzenspiegel and Mittlestreife woven in dark green to match the backing patch, and which could be applied at the factory; Waffenfarbe was now displayed on the shoulder-straps, which simply buttoned on and were easily switched. With the wartime change to lower-visibility insignia enlisted Litzen were woven in matte "mouse-grey" with field-grey stripes, which were at first sewn to green collar patches as before but increasingly directly to the collar, which beginning in was made in feldgrau like the uniform; grey Patten were never produced.
The troops however preferred the green patches and collars if they had or could get them, especially on "clean" uniforms for walking-out; and long-service veterans took particular pride in pre Litzen with colored stripes. In contrast, officers' service uniform collar patches never changed.
While most officers in the front lines wore the enlisted field uniform as per wartime regulations, many opted to have their green-and-silver Kragenpatten added instead of or on top of the factory Litzen.
On olive tropical uniforms the collar patches were tan with dull grey-blue Litzen for all personnel; officers again sometimes added their green Kragenpatten. Tropical NCO Tresse was copper-brown, or sometimes olive drab. A major exception to the wearing of collar Litzen was the "panzer wrap", the double-breasted jacket worn by crews of tanks and other armored vehicles.
When the Panzertruppe were established in they were issued a distinctive black uniform and as a badge the Totenkopf or Death's-head, versions of which had formerly been worn by the Imperial tank corps and various cavalry units. These skulls took the form of white-metal pins attached to black Kragenpatten which were edged in Waffenfarbe piping. Over the course of the war a bewildering and changing series of regulations governed the uniforms and insignia for assault guns, tank destroyers, armored cars and self-propelled guns SPG.
Depending on the unit and the date either the black or grey wrap or the standard Feldbluse might be authorized, and on the grey "assault gun" jacket the regulation collar patches could be black with skulls, or grey with skulls, Litzen , or no device at all.
The result in practice was chaos; wartime photos show a mix of uniforms and insignia worn not only in the same battalion, but even in the same vehicle.
Officially both colors of panzer wrap were working and field uniforms to be worn only in or around the vehicle; this regulation was universally ignored. Panzertruppen were issued standard uniforms for service-dress and walking out but rarely wore them, much preferring their unique jackets. In North Africa, AFV crews wore the same tropical uniform as the other branches, including collar Litzen ; many tankers however pinned their Totenkopf badges to their lapels.
The new Waffenrock for I. Although shown to the press, this new uniform was not provided to the unit due to the outbreak of WWII. Instead, it was placed in depot storage. Generalstaboffiziere were officers carefully selected and trained to represent the German General Staff Corps in both command and staff functions.
They ranked from Hauptmann im Generalstab captain through Oberst i. All were before graduates of the Military Academy, the Kriegsakademie. On division staffs they held the position of Ia operational chief of staff or Ib chief of the rear echelon. In the higher echelons, the intelligence and training staff sections were most of the time in the personal charge of General Staff Corps officers.
These were the same whether on carmine dress Kragenpatten or green service patches; colored Litzenspiegel were unnecessary. General Staff officers assigned to the supreme headquarters the Reichskriegsministerium , later the OKH and the OKW , the Kriegsakademie, and military attaches were further distinguished by having their Litzen in gold rather than silver. These Generalstaboffiziere were called "des Generalstabs", Oberst d.
The special golden Litzen were abolished in November Only Military attaches kept their Litzen as long as they were in their present position. In addition to their collar patches, General Staff Officers wore trouser-stripes, of the same design as generals' but in carmine rather than scarlet. These devices, sometimes called Arabesken arabesques , were embroidered in gold bullion or golden synthetic Celleon on Hochrot scarlet backing.
Field Marshals wore the same Arabesken as generals until April , when they were authorized a longer variant with three rather than two iterations of the repeating pattern, for a total of six "prongs.
General officers of the Special Troop Service Truppensonderdienst — TDS and of the specialist careers medical, veterinary, ordnance, and motor park wore the same insignia until April , when they were ordered to exchange their scarlet Kragenpatten for alt-Larisch tabs backed in their respective Waffenfarbe:. In October , the wear-out period of the scarlet backing color for Generals of the specialist careers was extended for an undetermined period.
In the Wehrmacht Heer, upon retirement, certain senior German generals were awarded the honorary post of Chef of a regiment, much like the Honorary Colonel in the British Army. It was a German custom dating from the late 18th Century. Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt , Chef of the 18th Infanterie Regiment, wore a big 18 on his shoulderboards, and for everyday wear favored the ornamented tunic of an infantry officer with white piping rather than a general's uniform.
Hitler appointed first Generaloberst Hans von Seeckt , ancient "Chef der Heeresleitung", to be Chef of the 67th Infanterie Regiment on his 70th birthday in April , a few months before he died. Generalfeldmarschall von Blomberg was appointed Chef of I.
The Reichsheer's shoulder-straps were very similar to those of World War I, made of feldgrau uniform cloth with pointed or "gable" button ends. These "first pattern" shoulder-straps were not edged in Waffenfarbe piping. The drum chart is not as difficult, as it is a repetitive and relatively simple beat. Although both guitar solos are difficult, the second one is considerably longer and harder. Guitar solo 2E is the part when most people miss any note. It is highly suggested that players use the solo buttons, the set of fret buttons nearest to the guitar's body because then the player does not have to strum each note.
Obviously, strumming is necessary during the alternate picked parts, as these are next to impossible to play with only the solo buttons. Bass also becomes tricky at this point, requiring quick shifting and strumming.
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